Crypto in Africa: why GAFI / GIABA harmonization is key?
One of the biggest challenges of virtual assets (VA) in Africa is not technological.
It is the lack of regulatory harmonization.
Today:
each country moves at its own pace
some jurisdictions prohibit, others tolerate
VASPs exploit the gaps (regulatory arbitrage)
The role of the Financial Action Task Force (FATF)
The FATF imposes a clear global standard:
Recommendation 15 → regulation of VASPs
Travel Rule → traceability of transactions
risk-based approach (RBA)
Objective: align all countries on a common AML/CFT foundation
The role of the Intergovernmental Action Group against Money Laundering in West Africa (GIABA)
GIABA acts as a regional relay in West Africa:
adaptation of FATF standards to the local context
mutual evaluations of states
pressure for compliance (grey list / black list)
It transforms recommendations into regional operational reality
Without harmonization?
illicit flows shifted to weak jurisdictions
inefficiency of cross-border investigations
explosion of unregulated P2P
The risk becomes systemic at the regional level
The strategic issue
Effective harmonization allows:
✔️ better traceability of crypto flows
✔️ cooperation between states and VASPs
✔️ attractiveness for serious players
✔️ reduction of BC/FT risks

