Sign’s architecture highlights a deliberate strategic choice. Instead of building its own L1, it relies on established networks like Ethereum. For central banks and governments, security is the first filter. They look for proven validator systems, resistance to collusion, and real world track records. A new L1 would struggle to meet those expectations. By building on existing infrastructure, Sign inherits credibility that would otherwise take years to establish.
Its public chain is designed for practical use, not maximum hype. It supports around 4,000 TPS with flexible fee models and validator controls. This layer handles credential issuance, attestations, and cross border verification. It is built for predictable, steady demand rather than extreme DeFi throughput. The focus stays on reliability and usability for institutions.
On the private side, Sign uses Hyperledger Fabric with Raft consensus. This setup can handle between 3,000 and 20,000 TPS depending on configuration. It is suited for high volume and sensitive operations like interbank settlement and wholesale CBDC flows. Many central banks are already familiar with this framework, which removes friction during evaluation and procurement.
The real advantage comes from how these two layers connect. Domestic transactions move through the private chain, while cross border activity routes through the public chain. The transition happens seamlessly in the background, so users experience a simple payment flow while regulators retain full visibility and compliance. This design shows that Sign is not just solving for performance, but for adoption by reducing institutional resistance.